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Google invests in more robots

Written By Unknown on Kamis, 10 April 2014 | 23.34

9 April 2014 Last updated at 18:23 By Leo Kelion Technology desk editor

Google is taking a stake in a Silicon Valley-based robotics company that has yet to reveal its first product.

Savioke's work may be under wraps, but it has announced plans to begin customer trials of a service industry-targeted machine this year.

Google has acquired eight other robotics companies outright over the past year.

Its latest investment may be relatively small but experts say that it should boost confidence in the sector.

Savioke has disclosed a total $2m (£1.2m) of seed finance, which includes cash from other sources in addition to an undisclosed sum from Google Ventures, the search giant's investment arm.

Helping automatons

Savioke was only established last year. However, its chief executive, Steve Cousins, has previous experience in the sector, having launched the PR2 robot - a machine targeted at robotics software developers wishing to try out their code.

"We have decided that it is time for robots to become available widely in the service industry," Mr Cousins told the BBC.

"We're not ready to quite disclose what we are going to be doing, but we believe the technology is ripe and this industry is largely untapped.

"There's a few examples of robots in hospitals that are extensions of a surgeon, but what we are looking at is a little bit more what people traditionally think of as robots - autonomous entities that can do things on their own and can help people out."

Although he declined to say which sectors would be targeted, his company's website lists hotels, elderly care facilities, hospitals and restaurants as possibilities.

Previous stake in Nest

Mr Cousins was keen to stress that the deal involved Google Ventures - a unit that operates independently of the rest of the California-based company and whose stated goal is to fund the "best companies" rather than ones that are strategic to Google's other operations.

However, GV's previous stake in Nest ultimately resulted in Google paying $3.2bn to add the smart thermostat-maker to its main business, and Mr Cousins did not rule out the possibility of his company following a similar path.

"In the end, what we want to see is robots out in the world helping people," he said.

"So, whatever 'exit strategy' leads us to that goal is what we are all about."

Excited investors

Google's interest in robotics was preceded by that of Amazon.

The web retailer paid $775m in 2012 to buy Kiva Systems, a company specialising in robots used to move goods in warehouses.

Venture capitalists said the two big companies actions' were now fuelling interest from others.

"One of the big questions when you do a robotics deal had always been who is going to buy it if this thing doesn't go public," said tech investor Paul Kedrosky.

"It was never obvious. Now that Amazon and Google have self-identified as acquirers, it makes doing robotics deals pretty exciting."

Mike Maples, co-founder of Floodgate Ventures, agreed the sector had become more attractive.

"In the last few years, it has become clear that the computer industry is no longer primarily about computers - whether it's post-PC devices, internet of things, self-driving cars, wearables or robots - an entirely new digital industry is emerging where computers fade into the background but digital is everywhere," he said.

"Google's move into robotics will make it even more attractive to start-up investors because it accelerates the creation of a new category of opportunities."

British engineering company Dyson recently announced that it was investing £5m in a robotics lab at Imperial College London.

One roboticist said he expected more deals would follow.

"It's pretty clear that with an ageing population there is a fantastic business opportunity for creating technology that is not only going to improve people's quality of life but also extend their working lives," said Prof Chris Melhuish, director of Bristol Robotics Laboratory.


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'Selfie' body image warning issued

10 April 2014 Last updated at 10:19 By Helen Briggs BBC News

Spending lots of time on Facebook looking at pictures of friends could make women insecure about their body image, research suggests.

The more women are exposed to "selfies" and other photos on social media, the more they compare themselves negatively, according to a study.

Friends' photos may be more influential than celebrity shots as they are of known contacts, say UK and US experts.

The study is the first to link time on social media to poor body image.

The mass media are known to influence how people feel about their appearance.

Continue reading the main story

The attention to physical attributes may be even more dangerous on social media than on traditional media because participants in social media are people we know"

End Quote Petya Eckler University of Strathclyde, Glasgow

But little is known about how social media impact on self-image.

Young women are particularly high users of social networking sites and post more photographs of themselves on the internet than do men.

To look at the impact on body image, researchers at the University of Strathclyde, Ohio University and University of Iowa surveyed 881 female college students in the US.

The women answered questions about their Facebook use, eating and exercise regimes, and body image.

'Unrealistic images'

The research, presented at a conference in Seattle, found no link with eating disorders.

But it did find a link between time spent on social networks and negative comparisons about body image.

The more time women spent on Facebook, the more they compared their bodies with those of their friends, and the more they felt negative about their appearance.

"Spending more time on Facebook is not connected to developing a bad relationship with food, but there is a connection to poor body image," Petya Eckler, of the University of Strathclyde, in Glasgow, told the BBC.

She added: "The attention to physical attributes may be even more dangerous on social media than on traditional media because participants in social media are people we know.

"These comparisons are much more relevant and hit closer to home. Yet they may be just as unrealistic as the images we see on traditional media."

'Sense of identity'

A spokesperson for the Beat eating disorders charity said body image was a key part of our sense of identity and not a trivial matter or personal vanity.

A preoccupation with weight and shape was one of the key features of current popular culture, and was a global phenomenon, she said.

"The fascination with celebrities, their bodies, clothes and appearance has all increased the pressure that people typically feel at a time when they seek to establish their own identities and when their bodies are growing and changing," she said.

"Young people compare themselves to the images that bombard them and feel it is their fault that their bodies compare so unfavourably."


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Battery offers 30-second charging

8 April 2014 Last updated at 14:47

A battery that can charge in under 30 seconds has been shown off at a technology conference in Tel Aviv.

Israeli start-up StoreDot displayed the device - made of biological structures - at Microsoft's Think Next Conference.

A Samsung S4 smartphone went from a dead battery to full power in 26 seconds in the demonstration.

The battery is currently only a prototype and the firm predicts it will take three years to become a commercially viable product.

In the demonstration, a battery pack the size of a cigarette packet was attached to a smartphone.

"We think we can integrate a battery into a smartphone within a year and have a commercially ready device in three years," founder Dr Dorn Myersdorf told the BBC.

The bio-organic battery utilises tiny self-assembling nano-crystals that were first identified in research being done into Alzheimer's disease at Tel Aviv University 10 years ago.

The nano-dots are described by StoreDot as "stable, robust spheres" that are 2.1 nanometers in diameter and made up of peptide molecules.

The technology has a range of uses, founder Dr Myersdorf said.

"Batteries are just one of the industries we can disrupt with this new material. It is new physics, new chemistry, a new approach to devices," he said.

The team has also used the nano-crystals in memory chips which could write three times faster than traditional flash memory and as a non-toxic alternative to cadmium in screens.

Dr Myersdorf said that the batteries are likely to be 30 to 40% more expensive to manufacture compared to traditional ones and the final product will be twice as expensive than those on the market today.

But making them should be a relatively easy process.

"It is about letting nature take its course. We just need a facility that can do chemical processing," he said.


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Cheap 3D printer is Kickstarter hit

8 April 2014 Last updated at 18:23

An ultra-cheap 3D printer has hit its Kickstarter goal in just 11 minutes, with some lauding it as the first mass market version of the technology.

Makers M3D have currently raised over $1m (£597,000) well ahead of their $50,000 target with 28 days to go.

Early backers will get the machine for just $199 and other backers can pledge as little as $299.

Dubbed Micro, it comes with easy-to-use software that allows users to search, drag and drop objects to print.

Kickstarter is a crowd-funding website that has breathed life into a range of technology projects, including the virtual reality headset Oculus Rift, which was subsequently bought by Facebook for $2bn.

'Exciting thing'

At just 7.3in (18.5cm) square and weighing 1kg (2.2lbs), the device will be easy to move around. It can be used with Windows, Mac or Linux.

It comes with software that allows users to search and browse objects online. Once they have picked something they would like to print they drag it into the printer and hit print.

"It's our goal to make the Micro accessible to everyday users," reads the pitch on Kickstarter.

The tagline on its Kickstarter page calls it "the first truly consumer 3D printer".

Some believe that it could be a game changer.

"Along with the market entry of New Kinpo I think it's one of the most interesting things to happen in desktop 3D printing," said expert Joris Peels.

"New price points and lower pricing will be key in getting people to buy a 3D printer. Not many people can afford to pay $2,000 for a printer but many more can try one for $500 or $300," he added.

The team hope to be able to start shipping the machines in August.

While those supporting the device on Kickstarter will get it for $299 or below, a retail price has not yet been set although it is expected to be "within the same price bracket" according to a company spokeswoman.


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Hard disk pioneer wins tech prize

9 April 2014 Last updated at 10:39 By Leo Kelion Technology desk editor

A British scientist whose work made it possible for hard disks to radically expand in size has been awarded the Millennium Technology Prize.

Prof Stuart Parkin developed a type of data-reading head capable of detecting weaker and smaller signals than had previously been possible.

The innovation allowed more information to be stored on each disk platter.

The foundation behind the award said he had made Facebook, Google, Amazon and other online services possible.

"Parkin is a leading innovator in the field of spintronics, which relies on the magnetic spin of electrons rather than their charge to store bits and is one of the most successful fields of nanotechnology yet," said Technology Academy Finland.

"[His] innovations have led to a huge expansion of data acquisition and storage capacities, which in turn have underpinned the evolution of large data centres and cloud services, social networks, music and film distribution online."

Previous winners of the one million euro ($1.38m; £824,000) award - which is announced every other year - include web inventor Tim Berners-Lee and the Linux operating system kernel developer Linus Torvalds.

Those selected are judged to have invented something that either has changed or has the power to change people's lives for the better, ideally on a global scale.

Sensitive detector

Prof Parkin's field of expertise is a branch of physics called spintronics - or spin electronics.

In this case, the word "spin" refers to a quantum mechanical property of an electron that can be likened to a planet turning around its axis.

Just as planets can rotate clockwise or anti-clockwise, electrons are said to be able to spin up or down - an action that sets up a magnetic field.

The analogy is not perfect, but in short the phenomenon can be exploited to store bits of data on atomically-thin magnetic structures.

Prof Parkin made this possible by building on the observations of two Nobel Prize winners - Albert Fert and Peter Grunberg - to create a highly sensitive detector capable of discerning small magnetic fields at room temperature.

"The spin valve sensing device allowed one to detect much tinier magnetic fields and therefore smaller magnetic regions in a magnetic disk drive," he explained to the BBC.

"The information in a disk drive is basically stored as magnetic regions in a very thin magnetic film.

"So, now we could detect much smaller regions than was possible before, in fact about 1,000 times smaller because of the extreme sensitivity of the spin valve sensing device."

The work was carried out for IBM, and the firm commercialised the technology in 1997. It soon became an industry standard, allowing disk capacity to quadruple roughly once a year for several years.

That not only made it possible to store more information in computers but also meant it became affordable to build giant data centres.

"The modern world is sustained by our ability to store all our information in magnetic disk drives essentially in the cloud, so that you can instantaneously carry out Google searches, instantly stream music and movies," added Prof Parkin.

"None of those things would be possible without the immense capacities of magnetic disk drives at the very low cost that is possible today... thanks to this spintronic sensing device."

Racetrack memory

The professor continues to work for IBM, and is hoping to spearhead a further storage revolution with an experimental technology he is developing for the firm called Racetrack memory.

The goal is to exploit spintronics to create a new type of storage that would consume less energy than magnetic disk drives but be as high-performing as solid-state flash memory - a more expensive alternative.

"By building a three-dimensional device with tiny nanoscopic wires in which a whole series of magnetic regions are raced to and fro, it can increase the storage capacity of conventional solid-state memory 100-fold," he said.

"It would be as fast and reliable as conventional solid state memories but would be as cheap and capacious as a magnetic disk drive - basically containing the best of both worlds."

While the professor is keen to highlight how his work has made it possible for the internet to offer vast amounts of information and entertainment, he acknowledges that the technology has also been used for more controversial purposes - including the storage and analysis of large amounts of information about the public by cyber-spy agencies.

Even so, he said he had few regrets.

"Of course it's a concern if people misuse data if they can," he said.

"It's like any scientific discovery or development - it can be used for good and sometimes used for bad.

"In my mind the goodness certainly outweighs any downside. The discoveries that can be made possible and the knowledge that can be gained by having access to the information certainly outweigh any negatives in my mind."


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Netflix 4K streaming goes live

9 April 2014 Last updated at 13:29

Streaming 4K video is now available on Netflix after earlier announcements that the on-demand video service would be introducing ultra-HD content.

Early adopters of 4K may be unable to take advantage of the new feature as the decoder required to view Netflix 4K videos is not built into early 4K televisions.

There are currently few alternatives to overcome the problem.

Shows available include House of Cards and "some nature documentaries".

It has been confirmed by Netflix via Multichannel News that 4K streaming is now live and available for a select number of programmes, including the second season of House of Cards.

However, initial access to the service is limited, with older 4K televisions unable to stream the new high-quality content.

Most 4K televisions purchased before this year lack the H.265/HEVC decoder required to stream Netflix's ultra-HD service.

Necessary speeds

Netflix chief executive Reed Hastings has said that an average speed of 15.6 Mbps would be required to stream its 4K content.

Reed Hastings

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Netflix's chief executive discussed his 4K ambitions earlier this year

This could pose additional problems for UK users, whose collective average download speed is below this threshold.

"Average broadband speeds in the UK are 7.6 megabits per second. You would need to have at least double that speed to watch 4K reliably on a streamed basis," IHS broadband analyst Richard Broughton told the BBC last November.

"Currently only 15% to 20% of households have the speeds necessary."

Despite the increased demand for 4K, some commentators still have reservations about whether the human eye is truly capable of viewing the difference between 1080p and ultra-HD 4K resolutions.

The eye has a finite resolution, says Geoffrey Morrison, former editor-in-chief of Home Entertainment Magazine, which makes most instances of extreme resolutions needless.

Beyond the home, for example in cinemas, the use of 4K and higher remains desirable for many, with a report from Sony stating: "4K makes a visible difference on screens big and small... 4K projection is scalable, accommodating 4K, 2K, HD and other digital content."

Netflix is thought to have been working on its 4K streaming service since last November.


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BBC 'complacent' over IT failure

10 April 2014 Last updated at 00:46

The BBC was "far too complacent" in its handling of a failed IT project that cost licence fee payers £98.4m.

The Digital Media Initiative (DMI) was intended to move the BBC away from using and storing video tape.

But it was scrapped, with almost no results, after five years of development.

After investigating the demise of the project, the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) has branded the programme "a complete failure".

Chairman Margaret Hodge said the BBC needed to "overhaul" its approach to such projects, to "safeguard licence fee payers' money".

The BBC originally approved DMI in 2006. It was supposed to produce new editing tools, an online archive of the BBC's programmes and a new database.

Technology company Siemens was hired to develop the project in February 2008, and it was expected to be completed the following year.

Continue reading the main story
  • Contractors - £46.7m
  • IT - £37.2m
  • Siemens costs - £24.9m
  • Consultancy - £8.4m
  • BBC staff - £6.4m
  • Other - £2.3m

However, after a series of delays, the project was brought in-house, There it floundered until last May, when the BBC's incoming director general, Tony Hall, admitted it had "wasted a huge amount of licence fee payers' money".

The gross estimate of the amount spent on DMI was £125.9m, although the BBC claims to have recouped £27.5m of that.

The BBC's technology chief, John Linwood, was sacked in July 2013 over the project's demise.

A previous report, by the National Audit Office (NAO), blamed "confusion and a lack of planning" for the failure.

It said that senior executives failed to take control of the project when it ran into trouble and "did not appear to appreciate the extent of the problems until a late stage".

Apology

The PAC published its own findings on Thursday. It reiterated several of the points raised in earlier reports and criticised the BBC for its failure to alert MPs of the problems.

"When my committee examined the DMI's progress in February 2011, the BBC told us that the DMI was... absolutely essential... and that a lot of the BBC's future was tied up in the successful delivery of the DMI," said Ms Hodge.

"The BBC also told us that it was using the DMI to make many programmes and was on track to complete the system in 2011 with no further delays.

"This turned out not to be the case. In reality the BBC only ever used the DMI to make one programme, called Bang Goes the Theory.

"The BBC was far too complacent about the high risks involved in taking it in-house. No single individual had overall responsibility or accountability for delivering the DMI and achieving the benefits, or took ownership of problems when they arose."

A BBC spokesman said: "Tony Hall was right to scrap the DMI project when he took over as director general last year. As we said at the time, the BBC didn't get DMI right and we apologised to licence fee payers.

"Since then we have completely overhauled how these projects are delivered so that there is crystal clear accountability and transparency."

A spokeswoman for the BBC Trust, the corporation's governing body, said: "As we have said before, this represented an unacceptable loss to licence fee payers.

"Acting on the conclusions of previous reports into DMI, we have strengthened reporting to the Trust so that problems are spotted early and dealt with quickly.

"We are also carrying out follow up reviews once projects are completed to make sure the lessons from DMI are being implemented."


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'RoboClam' could anchor submarines

10 April 2014 Last updated at 01:33 By James Morgan Science reporter, BBC News

A new burrowing robot for anchoring miniature submarines has been developed - inspired by the humble razor clam.

"RoboClam" could be used to lay undersea cables, and potentially even destroy mines, its inventors say.

The device mimics the digging action used by razor clams to turn solid soil into liquid "quicksand", helping them slide through.

A prototype is described in the journal Bioinspiration and Biomimetics by engineers from MIT in Boston, US.

Continue reading the main story

The cool thing is this technology is already 10 times more efficient than any anchor"

End Quote Dr Kerstin Nordstrom University of Maryland

They set out to design a new low-power, light-weight anchor for autonomous underwater vehicles.

"Luckily, nature had already done the work for us," said Dr Kerstin Nordstrom, of the University of Maryland, who collaborated on the research.

The answer was poking out of mudflats off the coast at nearby Gloucester, MA.

The Atlantic razor clam, Ensis directus, has been dubbed "the Ferrari of underwater diggers".

An animal of its modest frame (10-20cm) should only be strong enough to penetrate 2cm into packed sand. But it can burrow up to 70cm in just over a minute.

Compared to existing anchor technology "the razor clam is about 10 times more efficient," Dr Nordstrom told BBC News.

To dig for half a kilometre, it would only use the energy in an AA battery.

"But when you try plunging the shell into the sand, it doesn't actually penetrate very far," said Dr Nordstrom.

"What this shows is the clam must be actively doing something to the ground when it digs."

To find out the razor clam's secret, they studied its digging action and modelled it mechanically.

The repeated open-shut of the clam's valves turned the hard-packed soil around it into quicksand.

"The clam's trick is to move its shells in such a way as to liquefy the soil around its body, reducing the drag acting upon it," said Amos Winter, of MIT's Department of Mechanical Engineering.

"Pushing through sand costs a lot of energy. But if the sand is excited, it's actually very easy. That's the trick," added Dr Nordstrom.

By mimicking the action of the razor clam, they built their own robotic prototype - which has achieved the same digging speed - about 1cm per second.

The first "RoboClam" can only reach 20cm, and requires a significant rig of machinery to propel it.

But having demonstrated the principle, the team now aims to develop a larger, self-contained unit, that can burrow more than 10 metres.

This could be used to anchor larger vessels, and may have military applications - such as detonating mines, the researchers suggest.

"The cool thing is this technology is already 10 times more efficient than any anchor. If we can keep scaling things up, some day it will affect big boats," said Dr Nordstrom.

"Also - undersea cable installation is happening more and more frequently. If we can do it more efficiently we can save costs and cause less disturbance to the environment," she said.

Amos Winter agrees: "Having a system that could just latch onto the cable, work its way along, and automatically dig it into the soil would be great," he said.


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Forces 'unprepared' for cybercrime

10 April 2014 Last updated at 10:59

Three out of 43 police forces in England and Wales have a comprehensive plan to deal with a large-scale cyber-attack, a report has found.

Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) warned only Derbyshire, Lincolnshire and West Midlands had sufficient plans in place.

It also found only 2% of police staff across 37 forces had been trained on investigating cybercrime.

The report examined how prepared police are for a series of national threats.

Continue reading the main story

"Start Quote

The capacity and capability of the police to respond to national threats is stronger in some areas than others"

End Quote Stephen Otter HM Inspector of Constabulary

Last year, the government identified five threats as priorities for police to prepare for. These are:

  • Terrorism
  • Civil emergencies
  • Organised crime
  • Public order threats
  • Large-scale cyber-attacks

As part of its Strategic Policing Requirement (SPR), the Home Office called for a nationally-required policing response to counter each of the threats.

The report is the first in a series of inspections looking at how individual forces have responded to the guidelines.

However, it found the response to national threats by individual forces has "not changed appreciably".

HMIC inspectors said they were "struck by how incomplete the police service's understanding of the national threats was" and that more needs to be done "collectively by all forces".

'Growing threat'

The report called for "much greater attention" from police leaders.

"The capacity and capability of the police to respond to national threats is stronger in some areas than others - with the police response to the cyber-threat being the least well developed," HMIC's Stephen Otter said.

Police plans to deal with counter-terrorism, public order, civil emergencies and organised crime were in "stark contrast" with the capabilities for cyber-related threats.

Inspectors found the ability to deal with cyber-threats remains "largely absent" in some forces and that some senior officers across England and Wales are still "unsure of what constituted a large-scale cyber-incident".

Continue reading the main story

"Start Quote

The police must be able to operate very soon just as well in cyberspace as they do on the street"

End Quote HM Inspectorate of Constabulary

They found forces were "silent" when it came to preventing cybercrime and protecting people from the harm it causes, despite the fact it is "fast becoming a dominant method in the perpetration of crime.

"The police must be able to operate very soon just as well in cyberspace as they do on the street," the report said.

According to the government's definition, a large-scale cyber-incident could be "a criminal attack on a financial institution to gather data or money" or an "aggregated threat where many people or businesses across the UK are targeted".

It also includes "the response to a failure of technology on which communities depend and which may also be considered a civil emergency".

The HMIC report covered police forces in England and Wales.

In Scotland, police have tried to tackle cybercrime by forming a "cyber-resilience group" with industry experts and academics, which aims to spread awareness of cybercrime and help businesses protect themselves.

Last year it was estimated cybercrime costs Scottish businesses £5bn a year.

The Police Service of Northern Ireland has focused on protecting young people from the dangers of cybercrime aimed at individuals.

Chief Constable Justine Curran, the national policing lead for public order at the Association of Chief Police Officers, said police had "continued to improve" and to "develop our understanding of the threats we face".

However, she said there was "more to do to develop a clear, consistent approach," particularly when it comes to cybercrime, which she said remained "a growing threat".

"This report will assist chiefs and the College of Policing in this ongoing work and provide useful ideas for enhancement where this can be achieved within the current financial austerity across policing," she said.


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Heartbleed bug causes confusion

10 April 2014 Last updated at 16:04 By Mark Ward Technology correspondent, BBC News

Computers vulnerable to the Heartbleed bug are actively being targeted online, say security experts.

However, it is not yet clear whether the scanning efforts are benign or are the work of cyber-thieves keen to steal data, they say.

The news comes as some security professionals and developers advised people to change all their passwords.

But Google said that logins for its services did not need to be reset unless they were used on other sites.

That contradicted advice from Yahoo's blogging platform Tumblr and the developers of the app If This Then That who have told users they should change their passwords "everywhere".

The conflicting guidance is further complicated by the fact that experts say updating a password is useless unless a site has patched its servers - but it is not always obvious to the public when this is the case.

Attack pattern

News about the Heartbleed bug broke on 8 April and has kicked off a frenzy of activity as web companies check to see if their systems are vulnerable.

The bug emerged in software that should have kept data passing between sites and users safe from scrutiny. Instead the bug meant that attackers could use specially crafted queries to slowly steal data from servers.

Ars Technica reported that some sites had seen evidence that networks of bots were probing them for the Heartbleed weakness long before the bug was publicised.

Rory Cellan-Jones

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Rory Cellan-Jones looks at ways to manage strong online passwords

Information about scans of vulnerable servers are also circulating among security researchers. One scan turned out to pose no threat as whoever was behind it simply told the gaming company who ran the computers that they were leaking data.

"It's difficult to detect an attack unless you are actively looking for it," said Ken Munro, an analyst at security company Pen Test Partners. He added that many intrusion detection systems had now added signatures that spot the subtle signs that a Heartbleed-inspired attack is under way.

In addition, organisations running "honeypots" that try to trick hackers into attacking bogus web servers have written code that generates nonsensical server data in response to Heartbleed requests.

About 500,000 servers are vulnerable to the Heartbleed bug, statistics from net monitoring company Netcraft suggest.

Many large sites that ran vulnerable servers have now patched their systems and many others are following suit. However, a huge number of sites still remain vulnerable. Websites have sprung up that let people check if a site they use is vulnerable.

Conflicting advice has been given to web users from different companies about about whether they should be updating their passwords. Google said users did not need to change credentials; Facebook advised users to make a change; and others, such as web service If This Then That, said users should change all passwords.

Users should first check to see if a site they were using was vulnerable to the bug and whether they had taken action to fix it, said James Lyne, global head of research at Sophos. Changing a password on an unprotected site could still leave people open to data theft, he said.

In addition, he added, the rush to change passwords was likely to encourage phishing gangs to start sending out bogus messages advising people to reset or change their passwords.

"This is not the first defect of its kind and it certainly won't be the last, but it is one of the more serious faults we've seen in recent internet history," said Mr Lyne.

Name Vulnerable? Patched? Change password?

Amazon

No

No need

Only if shared with vulnerable service

Amazon Web Services

Yes

Yes

Yes

Apple

Not clear

Not clear

Not clear

Barclays

No

No

Only if shared with vulnerable service

eBay

No

No need

Only if shared with vulnerable service

Evernote

No

No need

Only if shared with vulnerable service

Facebook

Yes

Yes

Yes

Google/Gmail

Yes

Yes

Yes

HSBC

No

No need

Only if shared with vulnerable service

If This Then That

Yes

Yes

Will force users to log out and ask them to update

LinkedIn

No

No need

Only if shared with vulnerable service

Lloyds

No

No need

No

Microsoft/Hotmail/Outlook

No

No need

Only if shared with vulnerable service

PayPal

No

No need

Only if shared with vulnerable service

RBS/Natwest

No

No need

Only if shared with vulnerable service

Santander

No

No need

Only if shared with vulnerable service

Tumblr

Yes

Yes

Yes

Twitter

No

No need

Only if shared with vulnerable service

Yahoo/Yahoo Mail

Yes

Yes

Yes


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